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KMID : 1143420170100350940
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Public Health Weekly Report
2017 Volume.10 No. 35 p.940 ~ p.948
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A systematic review for the effect of emerging genome editing technology on laboratory biosafety
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Yu Min-Su
Shin Haeng-Seop
Kang Yeon-Ho
Lim Jae-Hwan
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Abstract
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Background: Genome editing technology is a powerful tool for rewriting DNA sequences in all organisms. This technology is generally used in gene functional research, development of high value-added plant or animal models, and treatment of rare refractory diseases. It is the principle of modifying the characteristics of genes by cutting or repairing specific region in a gene.
Current status: Genome editing technology are divided into four generations depending on the types of nucleic acid digestion enzyme and gene targeting methods. Despite the advances in technology, there are still problems to solve such as off-target effect. Although genome editing technology is not inherently dangerous, it can increase exposure times and exposure concentrations due to inexpensive and easy testing methods. This may cause adverse effects and/or increase the number of risk factors such as off-target effect and alteration of expression profiles.
Future perspectives: A novel approach strategy for the safety of new recombinant technologies should be developed to ensure systematic laboratory biosafety with technical measures. Since the approach strategies applicable to each case vary, it is also necessary to study the standardization and improvement of the existing risk assessment systems such as the introduction of risk assessment factors on unintentional exposure and potential risks.
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